{"id":20343,"date":"2019-10-11T08:37:57","date_gmt":"2019-10-11T08:37:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/?p=20343"},"modified":"2020-01-10T16:10:51","modified_gmt":"2020-01-10T16:10:51","slug":"deti-se-zdravotnim-postizenim-maji-zit-mimo-ustavy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/deti-se-zdravotnim-postizenim-maji-zit-mimo-ustavy\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u011bti se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm maj\u00ed \u017e\u00edt mimo \u00fastavy"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row full_width=”stretch_row_content_no_spaces” content_placement=”top” parallax=”content-moving” parallax_image=”1534″ css=”.vc_custom_1570631135182{padding-top: 450px !important;background-image: url(https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Cover-Milans-article.png?id=20205) !important;background-position: center;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: contain !important;}”][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css=”.vc_custom_1547109152578{margin-top: -100px !important;background-color: #ffffff !important;}”][vc_column css=”.vc_custom_1547109223860{background-color: #ffffff !important;}”]

D\u011bti se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm maj\u00ed \u017e\u00edt mimo \u00fastavy<\/span><\/div><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]Milan \u0160ve\u0159epa, \u0159editel Inclusion Europe, napsal \u010dl\u00e1nek pro Apolitical<\/a>, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platformu poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitn\u00ed informace pro ve\u0159ejnou spr\u00e1vu. \u010cl\u00e1nek je o deinstitutionalizaci ve vztahu k\u00a0d\u011btem s\u00a0posti\u017een\u00edm, a byl publikov\u00e1n jako sou\u010d\u00e1st s\u00e9ri\u00e9 o ran\u00e9m d\u011btstv\u00ed.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”9225″][\/vc_column][vc_column][vc_column_text]Nen\u00ed pochyb o tom, \u017ee institucionalizace (segregace v\u00a0\u00fastavn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch) zp\u016fsobuje d\u011btem po\u0161kozen\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a v\u00fdvoje.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161t\u011bst\u00ed doch\u00e1z\u00ed k\u00a0 odklonu od institucionalizace; m\u00edsto n\u00ed se podporuj\u00ed rodiny, aby se p\u0159ede\u0161lo odebr\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte, anebo nap\u0159. p\u011bstounsk\u00e1 p\u00e9\u010de \u010di jin\u00e9 vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formy p\u00e9\u010de o d\u00edt\u011b.<\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj se ale bohu\u017eel nevztahuje na d\u011bti se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm.<\/p>\n

V mnoha zem\u00edch jsou d\u011bti se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm i nad\u00e1le institucionalizov\u00e1ny a dnes p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu<\/a> d\u011bt\u00ed st\u00e1le um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch v \u00fastavech<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201eV \u0159ad\u011b evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed jsou d\u011bti se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm um\u00edst\u011bny do \u00fastavn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e jejich vrstevn\u00edci bez zdravotn\u00edho posti\u017een\u00ed. Zd\u00e1 se z\u00e1rove\u0148, \u017ee je mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee budou m\u00edt prosp\u011bch z p\u0159echodu od \u00fastavn\u00ed na rodinnou p\u00e9\u010di,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161e Akademick\u00e1 s\u00ed\u0165 evropsk\u00fdch odborn\u00edk\u016f v oblasti zdravotn\u00edho posti\u017een\u00ed (ANED) ve sv\u00e9 posledn\u00ed zpr\u00e1v\u011b<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

J\u00e1dro probl\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n

\u017de jsou d\u011bti se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1ny je nepochybn\u011b zp\u016fsobeno syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my a stereotypy.<\/p>\n

St\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed zp\u016fsoby financov\u00e1n\u00ed a my\u0161len\u00ed jsou dob\u0159e vybaveny pro vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed – a do jist\u00e9 m\u00edry kop\u00edrov\u00e1n\u00ed a mno\u017een\u00ed – \u201ep\u0159\u00edklad\u016f dobr\u00e9 praxe\u201c.<\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159\u00edklady dobr\u00e9 praxe\u201c jsou samy o sob\u011b cenn\u00e1 vylep\u0161en\u00ed. Jejich dopad ov\u0161em z\u016fstane omezen\u00fd, dokud se nezm\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1klady syst\u00e9mu ochrany d\u011bt\u00ed. V mnoha zem\u00edch je pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mec zam\u011b\u0159en na institucionalizovan\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a financov\u00e1n\u00ed a nad\u00e1le up\u0159ednost\u0148uje \u00fastavy p\u0159ed vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi formami p\u00e9\u010de. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u010cesku p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 v\u00fddaje na podporu rodiny pouze 10 %<\/a> pen\u011bz na \u201eb\u011b\u017enou ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n

Dobr\u00e9 praxe a inovativn\u00ed slu\u017eby tak z\u00fast\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdjimkami, neobvykl\u00fdmi \u0159e\u0161en\u00edmi vytvo\u0159en\u00fdmi navzdory p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edmu pr\u00e1vn\u00edmu a finan\u010dn\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n

V tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 hlavn\u00ed v\u00fdzva \u2013 p\u0159em\u011bnit st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdjimky na pravidla. Pro d\u011bti se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm to znamen\u00e1 prov\u00e1d\u011bt struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed zm\u011bny pro ka\u017edou etapu jejich \u017eivota.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u010dasn\u00e1 podpora<\/h3>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je identifikovat pot\u0159eby a zajistit v\u010dasnou podpora rodin a d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e budou d\u011bti odebr\u00e1ny a um\u00edst\u011bny do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 slu\u017eby jsou \u010dasto poskytov\u00e1ny s ohledem na jak\u00e9si pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b: Rodi\u010de d\u011bt\u00ed se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm pak zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00fd pov\u0161echn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup nesta\u010d\u00ed na to, aby jim pomohl s velmi specifick\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami, kter\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de o d\u00edt\u011b s\u00a0posti\u017een\u00edm p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed. A kdy\u017e je specifick\u00e1 podpora pro rodi\u010de d\u011bt\u00ed s\u00a0posti\u017een\u00edm k dispozici, \u010dasto pouze v zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, nikoli v\u00a0domov\u011b d\u00edt\u011bte.<\/p>\n

V\u010dasn\u00e1 podpora<\/a> by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zah\u00e1jena ihned po narozen\u00ed. M\u011bla by b\u00fdt individualizovan\u00e1, strukturovan\u00e1 a dlouhodob\u00e1 – \u200b\u200bnejen po dobu n\u011bkolika m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f po narozen\u00ed ale a\u017e do doby, kdy d\u00edt\u011b chod\u00ed do \u0161koly. A m\u011bla by b\u00fdt poskytovan\u00e1 doma.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinky v\u010dasn\u00e9 podpora byly prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny<\/a>: nap\u0159\u00edklad \u201elze t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b zabr\u00e1nit poklesu intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje, ke kter\u00e9mu doch\u00e1z\u00ed po prvn\u00edch 12\u201318 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch u d\u011bt\u00ed s Downov\u00fdm syndromem\u201c. V\u010dasn\u00e1 podpora tak\u00e9 vede k lep\u0161\u00edmu za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u0161kol, vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zam\u011bstnanosti, k lep\u0161\u00edmu zdrav\u00ed a lep\u0161\u00edm vztah\u016fm, stejn\u011b jako k\u00a0lep\u0161\u00edm situaci rodi\u010d\u016f.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm nezbytn\u00fdm krokem je zajistit kvalitn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 segrega\u010dn\u00ed praxe, kdy jsou d\u011bti s posti\u017een\u00edm umis\u0165ov\u00e1ny do zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edch \u0161kol nebo se jim dokonce vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nedost\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u016fbec, brzd\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj jak jednotliv\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed, tak syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby d\u011bti chodily do \u0161koly s ostatn\u00edmi d\u011btmi ze sousedstv\u00ed, proto\u017ee jim to umo\u017en\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159et d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, trvaj\u00edc\u00ed vztahy.<\/p>\n

Spole\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 pro d\u011bti i dosp\u011bl\u00e9 se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm nebo bez n\u011bj, pom\u00e1h\u00e1 jim rozv\u00edjet \u201em\u011bkk\u00e9\u201c dovednosti jako je empatie a komunikace. Vybavuje d\u011bti zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm dovednostmi nezbytn\u00fdmi pro \u00fasp\u011bch v pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b. A sni\u017euje riziko segregace.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n

Tv\u016frci ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 politiky mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 vz\u00edt na v\u011bdom\u00ed, \u017ee d\u011bti nez\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u011btmi nav\u017edy. D\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji dosp\u011bj\u00ed a vstupuj\u00ed na trh pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

Pokud omez\u00ed jejich \u0161ance na \u00fasp\u011bch t\u00edm, \u017ee jim neumo\u017en\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b se rozv\u00edjet, odd\u011bl\u00ed je od spole\u010dnosti a nezajist\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, pos\u00edlaj\u00ed je na cestu k nezam\u011bstnanosti (nebo pouze do stereotypn\u00edch, neplacen\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed) a celo\u017eivotn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na \u201ep\u00e9\u010di\u201c.<\/p>\n

Zam\u011bstnanost<\/a> je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro rozvoj nov\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch rol\u00ed a pro udr\u017een\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed integrace. Ukazuje \u017ee lid\u00e9 s posti\u017een\u00edm \u2013 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u2013 mohou b\u00fdt spole\u010densky prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed stejn\u011b jako kdokoli jin\u00fd. Kl\u00ed\u010dem je poskytnout \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na \u00fasp\u011bch na otev\u0159en\u00e9m trhu pr\u00e1ce. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 zm\u011bny t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se podporovan\u00e9ho zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Institucionalizace pozd\u011bji v \u017eivot\u011b<\/h3>\n

Pokud se cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m nezm\u011bn\u00ed, ocit\u00e1me se v situaci, kdy ve\u0161ker\u00e1 snaha a podpora investovan\u00e1 do pomoci d\u011btem je v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku zma\u0159en\u00e1, proto\u017ee jsou um\u00edst\u011bny do \u00fastav\u016f kdy\u017e dos\u00e1hnou dosp\u011blosti.<\/p>\n

V mnoha zem\u00edch je pokles po\u010dtu d\u011bt\u00ed v \u00fastavech zp\u016fsoben jednodu\u0161e jejich st\u00e1rnut\u00edm a p\u0159eveden\u00edm do za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00dastavy jsou hrozbou tak\u00e9 v\u00a0pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dosp\u011blosti. Zejm\u00e9na tehdy kdy\u017e rodi\u010de nebo sourozenci, kte\u0159\u00ed dosud poskytovali podporu, tuto roli nemohou d\u00e1le plnit. Vzhledem k nedostatku podpory v\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed je tak \u010dlov\u011bk se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm um\u00edst\u011bn do \u00fastavu. Takov\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0\u00fastavu, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161udyp\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fd strach<\/a> z\u00a0toho kdy nastane, maj\u00ed drastick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na v\u0161echny z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Deinstitucionalizace p\u00e9\u010de o d\u011bti je ta prav\u00e1 cesta <\/strong><\/p>\n

Je nezbytn\u00e9, aby toto \u00fasil\u00ed zahrnovalo d\u011bti se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm. Mus\u00ed se tak\u00e9 zm\u011bnit zp\u016fsob my\u0161len\u00ed: z vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch \u201edobr\u00fdch prax\u00ed\u201c ke zm\u011bn\u011b syst\u00e9mu. Tak, aby se ty sou\u010dasn\u00e9 vyj\u00edme\u010dn\u00e9 \u201edobr\u00e9 praxe\u201c staly pravidlem.<\/p>\n

Takov\u00fd syst\u00e9m bude zalo\u017een na v\u010dasn\u00e9 podpo\u0159e s c\u00edlem pomoci d\u011btem se zdravotn\u00edm posti\u017een\u00edm pln\u011b se rozv\u00edjet. Bude zahrnovat \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 pom\u016f\u017ee osvojit si cenn\u00e9 dovednosti a za\u010dlenit se do spole\u010dnosti. A zajist\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed a komunitn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9. Proto\u017ee d\u011bti nejsou d\u011btmi nav\u017edy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek byl p\u016fvodn\u011b ps\u00e1n pro server Apolitical<\/a> a jeho s\u00e9rii<\/a> o d\u011btstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u010ct\u011bte tak\u00e9:\u00a0\u201c\u017de chci z \u00fastavu odej\u00edt mi bylo jasn\u00e9 hned\u201d<\/a>
\nnebo rozhovor s Milanem \u0160ve\u0159epou<\/a> v Den\u00edku N.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_column width=”2\/3″][\/vc_column]<\/p>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Milan \u0160ve\u0159epa, \u0159editel Inclusion Europe, napsal \u010dl\u00e1nek pro Apolitical, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed platformu poskytuj\u00edc\u00ed kvalitn\u00ed informace pro ve\u0159ejnou spr\u00e1vu. \u010cl\u00e1nek je o deinstitutionalizaci ve vztahu k d\u011btem s posti\u017een\u00edm, a byl publikov\u00e1n jako sou\u010d\u00e1st s\u00e9ri\u00e9 o ran\u00e9m d\u011btstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":20253,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[686],"tags":[688,687],"class_list":["post-20343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-6","tag-deinstitucionalizace","tag-deti-se-zdravotnim-postizenim"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20343\/"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post\/"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5\/"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments\/?post=20343"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20343\/revisions\/"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20253\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/?parent=20343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/?post=20343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/2019-2024.inclusion.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags\/?post=20343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}